Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast, which may also involve a bacterial infection. It can also lead to breast abscess. Mastitis is often due to breast feeding. Breastfeeding is strongly recommended and mastitis can be the reason women stop breastfeeding, but with proper treatment women may continue to breastfeed. Mastitis is usually caused by milk stasis, which causes blockage of the milk duct or opening.
Women with mastitis should be directed as follows. Breastfeeding from the affected breast should be continued and performed more frequently, as this will allow the milk to drain. Massage affected milk from the painful area towards the nipple to allow the milk to come out. Also massage the breast towards the axillary lymph nodes to promote fluid drainage. Additionally pharmacologic treatment should be given to include coverage for Staphylococcus aureus as this is the usual causative agent. Analgesics such as ibuprofen should be used so that breastfeeding can continue.
Antibiotic use can lead to the development of fungal infection. If this occurs fluconazole should be given topically to the mother. The cream should be wiped off prior to feeding. Also the baby may also be given an antifungal.
